【陆】【美】【营】（中英对照校对版）美君陆君航空兵分队战例——地狱火和硫磺
（中英对照校对版）美君陆君航空兵分队战例——地狱火和硫磺
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很多朋友甚至长者，对小组能够在当前这种无偿的情况下，保持持续蓬勃发展很不理解，并且认为小组不会长远的存在下去。那么，今天，我们用一位小组大神的留言来回答各位的疑问:
我们如同美剧《失落的房间》（the Lost Room），这个房间的所有物品都有奇特的功能（如眼镜能防弹和灭火），传说这个房间的主人是上帝。有一天这些物品都失散了。但只要有一件物品出现在房间，其余的物品都会神使鬼差般循踪而来。
做人当知，古今来许多世家无非积德，行事要为善
治学应晓，天地间第一人品还是读书，开卷必有益
●作者/JON B. MIKOLASHEK
●译者/大虾哥
●校对/深海
●取材/U.S. Army Small-Unit Action in Iraq
校对意见
一、Military tacticians and historians often make use ofthe term 'tip of the spear.' It refers to a combat force that is used topuncture the enemy's initial lines of defense, to be quickly followed byconcentrated forces which destroy any remaining threat.
书名本书Tip of the Tip，我认为译为《尖矛》不妥。原因有二：一是从语法上讲，of the tip是定语，修饰tip，因此直译应该是矛尖而不是尖矛。二是根据其英文定义与第八章的内容，其本意应该是尖刀班、开路先锋、尖刀部队之意。不妥之处，我们可以探讨。
二、对本章翻译的一点看法：
首先，感谢您翻译了4000多单词的文章，这是一个非常好的开始，我也从中受益匪浅。
其次，我想聊聊对翻译的浅薄之见。这只是我一家之言，仅供参考，不当之处可共同探讨。它主要分为译前、译中与译后的一些注意事项，这也是我自己的一点体会。
1. 在翻译之前，请通读全文，掌握文章大意，这一点很重要。把握整体脉络，在忠实于原意的基础上，灵活把控文章翻译。
2. 在译完文章之后，请一定重读译文。我改完第一遍之后，又读了两遍，还是有收获。我所修改的地方肯定也会有不妥之处，请多指教。
3. 翻译军事文章或书籍，术语使用很重要。尽量少用口语，尽量用书面语，军事用语。例如，准尉是居于军官与士兵之间的一类技术军官，有独立的晋升与管理体系。美军陆航飞行员准尉通常分为五级，初级准尉为一级准尉，高级准尉包括二级至五级准尉。
4. 大胆假设，小心求证。不明白的地方，不能想当然就翻译出来。最稳妥的方法是查英文的解释，再结合原文进行理解。如His copilot/gunner was Chief WarrantOfficer Moughon, a young aviator from Georgia and a veteran of the 31 May 2007engagement.该句中的engagement想当然翻译，太离谱了。如“巴格达”多国师，巴格达是师的名称。
5. 请注意约定俗成的单词、短语或俗语的翻译陷阱，如本文small-arms，通常翻译为轻武器，摘要中Telecon电话会议。
Apache helicoptergunships turn the tables by surprising and destroying insurgents a ground-to-airambush.
“阿帕奇”武装直升机突袭扭转乾坤，挫败叛乱分子地对空伏击企图。
Taji——29September 2007
塔吉——2007年9月29日
On 2 February 2007, a pair of AH-64DApache Longbow helicopters from the 1st Battalion, 227th Aviation Regiment, were on aerial patrol in Iraq.They were checking out a main supply route dubbed Redlegs, which ran northwestto southeast just west of their home base, Camp Taji. Located about twentykilometers north of Baghdad in the predominantly Sunni province of Salahuddin,the area was a stronghold of al-Qaeda in Iraq and other insurgent groups. Thetwo helicopters suddenly came under fire from a heavy machine gun concealednear a factory. The Apache flown by CWO4 Keith Yoakum and CWO2 Jason G.Defenntook numerous hits. Despite severe damage, which included the loss of their30-mm. chain gun, the two airmen gained altitude for an attack and then noseddown toward the target firing Hydra 2.75-inch rockets.After launching the missiles, the aircraft could not pull out of the dive andcrashed, killing both aviators.[1]
2007年2月2日，来自第227陆航团1营的两架AH-64D“长弓阿帕奇”武装直升机在伊拉克进行空中巡逻。他们正在检查一条代号为“红色支柱”的主要补给线，后者西北——东南走向，地处其大本营塔吉营以西。位于巴格达以北约20公里的逊尼派占多数的萨拉赫丁省是基地组织和其他反叛组织在伊拉克的一个据点。两架直升机突然遭到隐藏在工厂附近的一挺重机枪袭击。四级准尉基斯.约克姆和二级准尉詹森G.德法恩驾驶的“阿帕奇”遭到重创，甚至连30毫米航炮也报废了。尽管如此，两名飞行员拉升高度准备攻击，然后俯冲向目标发射了70毫米“海德拉”（“九头蛇”）火箭弹。直升机在发射导弹后无法改出俯冲姿态，最终机毁人亡。
Soldiersin the battalion keenly felt the loss of their comrades. Yoakum was one of themost experienced fliers in the unit, and Defren was nearing the end of his tourand eager to get back to his pregnant wife. For their valor that day, theywould respectively receive the Distinguished Service Cross and theDistinguished Flying Cross.
该营官兵都为失去了自己的战友而悲痛欲绝。约克姆是该营作战经验最丰富的飞行员之一。德法恩此次部署即将期满轮换，正迫不及待奔回身怀六甲的妻子身边。鉴于战斗的英勇表现，他们将分别被授予“杰出服役十字勋章”和“杰出飞行十字勋章”。
Thisshootdown, one of six helicopter losses to enemy fire in Iraq that month,spawned an overhaul of aerial operations designed to minimize the danger.Fortransport aircraft, the changes were straightforward: they now flew mostly atnight and at higher altitude and varied their routes. The adjustments wereimmediately effective against an enemy relying mostly on visually aimed heavymachine guns, and the number of ambushes on helicopters dropped quicklythroughout Iraq. But gunships could not follow suit. Even when they were notproviding fire support to ground troops in contact, most of their tasksrequired them to search out the enemy, not avoid him. Flying just above heavilytraveled convoy routes, villages, and sprawling urban areas placed the pilotsunder constant stress. Every truck or building could hold an antiaircraftweapon, and even small-arms or rocket-propelledgrenades (RPGs) posed significant threats. Pilots not only had to be onconstant lookout for insurgents, the low-level flights also forced them to keeptheir eyes open for man-made obstacles such as power lines and towers, whichcould be every bit as deadly as hostile fire.The aviators were always on apivot, their heads turning constantly to scan the ground and the sky. It oftentook only an instant for a mundane mission to turn into a life-and-deathstruggle.
作为当月在伊拉克被敌人火力击落的六架直升机之一，这次坠机事件促成了旨在降低空中行动风险的彻底变革。对于运输直升机来说，改变很简单：他们现在主要实施夜航行动，增加飞行高度，变换空中航线。这些调整对主要依靠视觉瞄准的重机枪的敌人防备是直接有效的，在伊全境针对美军直升机的伏击数量迅速下降。但武装直升机却无法简单效仿。即使在不向地面部队提供火力支援的情况下，大多数任务也要求他们主动搜索敌人而不是对其退避三舍。在交通繁忙的车队路线、村庄和广阔的城市上空飞行，飞行员时时刻刻都在承受着巨大压力。每辆卡车或每座建筑物都能藏匿一件防空武器，甚至轻武器或者RPG火箭弹也能构成重大威胁。飞行员不仅要时刻警惕叛乱分子，还需要在低空飞行中密切注意电线和高塔等人为障碍物，它们和敌人火力一样致命。飞行员总是像个陀螺一样，脑袋需要不停地转动扫视地面和天空。一次平凡任务，还是一场生死搏斗，仅是一念之差。
Anothermission flown by the 1st Battalion, 227th Aviation Regiment, on 31 May 2007,highlighted the continuing danger for attack helicopters. CWO4 Steven E.Kilgore and his copilot/gunner 1st Lt. Brian L. Haaswere flying over the contested countryside near Taji when rounds from a heavymachine gun arced up toward their tail rotor. “On my rear, on my rear,” shoutedKilgore as he piloted his Apache away from the ambush.[2] Theynarrowly escaped being shot down, but this was just the start of theengagement. Kilgore and Haas, along with CWO4 William E. Hamm and CWO2 John C.Moughon in the lead Apache, hastily worked out a plan of attack and flew backinto enemy fire.[3] Using their experience andthe power of the Longbow model, both crews expended a total of 600 30-mm.rounds, 40 Hydra rockets, and 5 Hellfire missiles. The brief battle leftfifteen insurgents dead and five gun trucks in ruins.[4]
2007年5月31日，第227陆航团1营的另一项飞行任务则突显了攻击直升机机组所面临的持续性风险。四级准尉斯蒂文E.基尔戈尔与其副驾驶兼武器官布莱恩L.哈斯中尉在塔吉附近有争议的乡村上空飞行时，一挺重机枪射出的子弹飞向直升机尾桨。“在我后面！在我后面！”基尔戈尔一边大喊一边操纵着“阿帕奇”逃离伏击之地。他们险些被击落，但这只是交战的开始。基尔戈尔和哈斯，与“阿帕奇”长机机组的四级准尉威廉E.汉姆和二级准尉约翰C.莫翁匆忙制定了一个攻击计划，然后杀回了敌人伏击点。充分利用自身经验和长弓系统的火力，两个机组共发射了600发30毫米航炮弹药、40枚“海德拉”火箭弹和5枚“地狱火”导弹。经过短暂的战斗，他们共击毙了15名反叛分子，摧毁了5辆武装卡车。
Thosetwo engagements demonstrated why the Apache outfit, nicknamed the Attack Battalion, had earned a fierce fightingreputation throughout its history. The 1st Battalion, 227th Aviation Regiment’slineal predecessor was among the initial helicopter units in the Army. It hadserved admirably in Vietnam, and one of its members was the first Army aviatorto receive the Medal of Honor in that conflict.[5] The unitdeployed to Kuwait during Operation Desert Shield and played a major role inthe1st Cavalry Division’s deception plan that helped throw Iraqi forces intodisarray. Following that conflict, the battalion was the first to field theAH–64D Apache Longbow, still the most innovative and advanced attack helicopter.fte unit deployed to the Middle East again in February 2003 and participated inOperation Iraqi Freedom, returning to Fort Hood with its fightingreputation enhanced.6 fte outfit was back in Iraq again from February 2004 toMarch 2005.[6]
这两次战斗充分说明了装备着“阿帕奇”的“攻击营”为何拥有如此骁勇善战的光辉历史的缘由。第227陆航团1营的直系前身是陆军首批直升机部队之一。它在越战中表现突出，其中一名飞行员获得陆航部队在越战中的首枚荣誉勋章。在“沙漠之盾行动”期间，该部队被部署到科威特，并在第一骑兵师的欺骗计划中扮演了重要角色，该计划使伊拉克军队陷入混乱。该营在此役后成为了装备AH-64D“长弓阿帕奇”直升机的首支部队。目前，它仍然是最具变革意义和最先进的攻击直升机。该部队2003年2月被派驻中东地区，参加了“伊拉克自由行动”。期间其名声大噪，随后重返胡德堡。2004年2月到2005年3月，该营再次被部署至伊拉克。
第227陆航团1营两架阿帕奇直升机返回塔吉营基地。在2006年9月至2008年1月第三次部署伊拉克期间，绰号“攻击营”的该部队担负了侦察、道路清障和火力支援等任务。
Thebattalion arrived in Iraq for the third time in September 2006. Commanded byLt. Col. Christopher E. Walach, it had 420 soldiers and 26 Apaches (2 more thanusual). (the number of additional aircraft would prove prescient, since thatmany would be lost over the course of the deployment.) The 1st Battalionperformed a variety of attack and reconnaissance missions in Iraq; but the mostcommon were route clearance, countermortar operations, missile and rocketinterdiction, convoy and air security, and close-infire support for ground troops.[7] Theoutfit was one of two helicopter combat units supporting the Multi-NationalDivision–Baghdad, which was led by theheadquarters of the 1st Cavalry Division.[8]
该营于2006年9月第三次抵达伊拉克。该部队由克里斯托夫E.瓦拉赫中校指挥，编隶420名官兵和26架阿帕奇（比平时多2架）（事实证明额外的直升机真是先见之明，因为在部署过程中将会有很多战损直升机）。该营在伊拉克期间执行了各种攻击和侦察任务，但最常见的是道路清障、反迫击炮行动、压制导弹和火箭行动、护航和空中安全、以及为地面部队提供近距离火力支援。该部队是支援“巴格达”多国师的两支直升机部队之一，该师隶属于第一骑兵师。
Thebattalion’s Apache Longbow model is the quintessential attack helicopter. Everyinch of the craft maximizes advantages in speed,agility, and firepower. The pilot-in-command, seated behind the copilot/gunner,has a clear picture of the battlefield and flies the aircraft. With twoturboshaft engines powering its four rotor blades, the helicopter is highlymaneuverable and able to change direction quickly. Survivability featuresinclude a boron- armored compartment surrounding the pilots and a canopycomposed of transparent panels that are resistant to rounds up to 12.7-mm.caliber.[9]While the defensive capabilities of the AH–64D areimportant, it is the craft’s firepower that makes it such a deadly weapon. Inperfect atmospheric conditions, Apaches are armed with up to sixteen AGM–114Hellfire missiles or seventy-six Hydra 70 2.75-inch rockets or a mix thereof,as well as an M230E1 30-mm. chain gun with twelve hundred rounds.[10] Iraq’shot and dusty summers are not ideal for helicopters, however, providing lesslift for their rotor blades and causing the aircraft to burn fuel at a fasterrate. In that environment, the Apaches typically carried much less than the full load of ordnance so they could maximize speed,maneuverability, and patrol time.
该营装备的“长弓阿帕奇”是典型的攻击直升机。该直升机的任何细节都是为了在速度、敏捷和火力上取得最大化优势。与位于前舱的副驾驶兼武器官相比较，坐在后舱的机长对战场有一个更清晰的视野，负责操控直升机。因为装备了两台涡轴发动机驱动旋翼的四片桨叶，该直升飞机具有高机动性并能快速改变方向。生存能力的特点包括飞行员周围的一个硼装甲舱和透明的防弹玻璃座舱，它们能有效防御12.7毫米口径子弹攻击。虽然AH-64D的防御能力至关重要，但强大火力使其化身为如此致命的武器。在理想的大气条件下，“阿帕奇”能装备多达16枚AGM-114“地狱火”导弹或者76枚“海德拉”70毫米火箭弹，二者亦可混装使用，以及M230E130毫米航炮的1200发子弹。然而伊拉克炎热多尘的夏季并不是直升机行动的理想条件，这不但使旋翼桨叶的升力变小，而且还让直升机油耗变大。在此条件下为了获取最大飞行速度、最佳机动性能和最长巡逻时间，“阿帕奇”直升机通常所携带弹药远低于满载标准。
Amission on 29 September 2007 would tax both the capabilities of the Longbow andthe skills of the battalion’s veteran pilots. It was a typical assignment foran air weapons team, the designation for a pair of Apaches. In this case, twoteams (four helicopters) were involved. Their task was to check in with the 2dBattalion, 8th Cavalry, operating in an area a few miles west of Taji that wasnotorious for ambushes on the ground and in the air. (Map 12)There, theaviators would search along Route Redlegs for insurgents planting improvisedexplosive devices (IEDs) or setting up mortars or rockets.[11]
2007年9月29日的一项任务考验了“长弓阿帕奇”的不同性能和该营资深飞行员的各种技能。这是空中武器小组的一项典型任务。它被分配给了几个“长弓阿帕奇”直升机机组。两个空中武器小组(包括4架直升飞机)参加了此次战斗行动。他们的任务是与第八骑兵团第二步兵营会合。第二步兵营在塔吉以西几英里的地区作战，那里因地面和空中伏击而臭名昭著。(图12)在那片区域，飞行员将沿着“红色支柱”路线搜索，检查是否有叛乱分子预设的简易爆炸装置(IEDs)，架设的迫击炮或火箭。
Theair mission commander for one team was Capt. ftomas J. Loux, a 2004 graduate ofWest Point from Florida. His job was directing the activities of both Apachesfrom the front seat of the lead helicopter, call sign Crazyhorse 14, as well ascontrolling its weapons. The aircraft’s pilot-in-command was CWO3 TerryEldridge. A Native American from Oklahoma and the most experienced aviator onthe team, he was the kind of guy, according to Loux, “you want on your side ina bar fight.”[12] On their wing wasCrazyhorse 15, led by pilot-in-command CWO3 Kyle D. Kittelson, a formernoncommissioned officer from Iowa. His copilot/gunner was Chief Warrant OfficerMoughon, a young aviator from Georgia and a veteran of the 31 May 2007 engagement.[13]
其中一个小队的空中任务指挥官是福特马斯J.劳克斯上尉，2004年毕业于佛罗里达西点军校。他负责在呼号“疯马14”的长机前舱指挥两架“阿帕奇”的行动，同时操控武器。该机机长是三级准尉特里•埃尔德里奇。他是来自俄克拉何马州的一名印第安人，同时也是小队中战斗经验最丰富的飞行员。据劳克斯所说，他就是当你在酒吧打架时希望出现在自己身边的那种人。僚机呼号是“疯马15”，由来自艾奥瓦州的前士官、三级准尉机长凯尔D.基特森驾驶。副驾驶兼武器官是来自乔治亚州的高级准尉莫法恩。莫法恩虽然年轻但参加过2007年5月31日的战斗。
The other team wascomposed of the air mission commander, Capt. Guyton L.Robinson; his copilot/gunner, Capt. Aaron T. Smead; and their wing, pilot- in-command CWO4 ErnestoJ. Hansen and his copilot/gunner, CWO3 Al D. Davison. Captain Loux’s team wouldwork the northern half of Redlegs while Robinson’s team patrolled the southernend of the supply route.[14] Itremained as dangerous as it had been in February 2007; another Apache team hadtaken fire from a heavy machine gun just a few weeks earlier.[15]
另一个小组由以下四名机组成员组成：空中任务指挥官盖顿上尉L.罗宾逊，副驾驶兼武器官艾伦T.斯米德上尉，僚机机长四级准尉恩斯特J.汉森和副驾驶兼武器官三级准尉埃德•戴维森。当鲁滨逊小队在补给线的南端巡逻时，洛克斯上尉的小队则负责“红色支柱”的北半部。这里仍然和2007年2月一样危险，另一个“阿帕奇”小队就在数周前遭遇了重机枪袭击。
Due to the heatthat day, Crazyhorse 14 was armed with only 3 Hellfire missiles: 1 F-model,with a shaped-charge warhead designed to kill tanks; 1N-model, with a thermobaric warhead optimized for useagainst buildings; and 1 K2A, another antiarmor projectile. Crazyhorse 15carried 1 N-model and 2 K2A missiles. In addition, each aircraft carried 300.30-mm. rounds and 26 Hydra rockets: 16 high explosive, 6 fléchette, and 4illumination. It was not a lot of ammunition, but the mix would be effectiveagainst a wide range of targets and in most situations would be enough in thehands of the skilled gunners.[16]
由于那天的高温，“疯马14”机组只装备了3枚“地狱火”导弹:1枚带有专用于反坦克的聚能弹头的F型;1枚带有专门摧毁建筑物的温压弹头的N型;1枚K2A型则是另一种反坦克导弹。“疯马15”机组携带有1枚N型和2枚K2A型“地狱火”导弹。此外，每架直升机各携带300发30毫米航炮弹药和26枚“海德拉”火箭弹（包括16枚高爆弹，6枚箭形弹，4枚照明弹）。弹药携带的不多，但这种混装方式能有效地对付大范围目标，熟练的武器官在大多数情况下都能应付自如。
Prior to liftoff,an intelligence briefing warned the aviators that insurgent forces might begathering in the area they would be patrolling. Captain Loux decided his teamwould complete the initial task of route clearance and then search for thepotential enemy concentration. Taking off at 15：20,the Apaches flew over their designated area for an hour before a minor mechanicalissue forced Crazy horse 14 to land at a forward arming and refueling point. Theproblem with the lead craft involved the tail rotor, but the crew determinedthat the helicopter could continue on with the mission.[17]
飞行员们在起飞前收到一份情报简报警报，反叛力量可能正在将要巡逻的地区集结。劳克斯上尉决定，他的小队将首先完成道路清理初始任务，随后搜索潜在的集结敌人。15时20分起飞，“阿帕奇”小队在指定区域上空飞行了一个小时后，一个轻微的机械故障迫使“疯马14”机组降落在一个前沿油弹补给点。长机出现尾桨故障，但机组人员确定直升机能够继续执行任务。
The team had beenback in the sky for only ten minutes and had just made a turn to the northeastwhen Eldridge noticed four white pickup trucks, which soldiers had nicknamedBongo trucks, stopped at an intersection about two kilometers off. There alsowere about fifteen people moving in between the vehicles and four nearbybuildings.[18] The structures weresingle- level dwellings made out of white brick and standing by themselves inthe flat Iraqi landscape. Suspicious of the activity, both Apaches droppedbelow one hundred fifty feet—the authorized minimum altitude for aircraft inIraq and known more casually as the hard deck.
小队升空十分钟后在刚转向东北方向时，埃尔德里奇注意到四辆白色皮卡停在十字路口约两公里处。它们被美军戏称为“邦戈”卡车。大约有15名人员在四辆车和附近四栋房子之间活动。房子是由白砖建造的单层住宅，独立地矗立在伊拉克平坦的土地上。由于对该活动心生怀疑，两架“阿帕奇”都下降到150英尺高度以下——150英尺是直升机在伊拉克飞行的授权最低高度，通常俗称为“硬甲板”高度。
As the team headedtoward the scene to investigate, Captain Loux directed fellow front-seaterMoughon to use his Apache’s advanced target acquisition and designation systemto get a better look. Before the equipment could complete the task, ChiefWarrant Officer Eldridge spied two heavy machine guns mounted on the pickups.Seconds later, the insurgents con- firmed his visual acuity by opening fire.Eldridge coolly informed the air mission commander: “Hey, they’re shooting atus.”[19] Inmoments, a barrage of machine-gun rounds and RPGs were streaking into the skytoward the two aircraft. Eldridge was surprised at the ability of the enemy torespond so suddenly and strongly: “As soon as we passed, I kind of veered offto one side, and they started tracking us with the guns from the back oftrucks. As soon as they got where we were inside their range, effectively fortheir shots, they started shooting so, about the time it takes to swing aturret, in this case a gun on a tripod mount.”[20]
当小队飞往现场调查时，上尉劳克斯命令前舱莫法恩使用先进的目标采集和指令系统核实情况。该系统还没完成工作，高级准尉埃尔德里奇就发现了架在皮卡上的两挺重机枪。几秒钟后，叛乱分子的射击证实了其敏锐的视觉判断。埃尔德里奇冷静地报告空中任务指挥官:“嘿，他们在向我们射击”。与此同时，一连串的重机枪子弹和RPG火箭弹向两架直升机呼啸而来。埃尔德里奇对敌人如此迅速而强烈的反应震惊了：“我们刚转弯的同时，他们就立刻用皮卡后面的机枪跟踪瞄准我们。我们一进入其有效射程，他们就立刻转动三脚架开始射击。”
一名叛乱分子(中间)向四辆装载重机枪的卡车跑去。在一场只持续了几分钟的决斗中，“阿帕奇”比对手还是略胜一筹。
Facing 14.5-mm.,12.7-mm., and AK47 fire as well as RPGs, Eldridge responded quickly, droppinghis aircraft to below fifty feet. The insurgents tracked him down to the pointtheir rounds began hitting one of the buildings at the intersection. Aftersurviving the opening enemy attack, Crazyhorse 14 swung around for its firstfiring run. Just seconds after they made the turn, a 7.62-mm. bullet slicedthrough the canopy of Eldridge’s aircraft and narrowly missed his face.[21] In theexcitement of the moment, the crew mistakenly triggered the four illuminationrockets; but that fusillade at least made the insurgents pause.[22]Switching back to high explosive rockets and cannon fire, the assault causedmany of the rebels to scatter into the buildings like “little cockroaches.”[23] Withmemories of their fallen brethren from the February ambush, the two Apaches, incommunication with each other during the entire fight, decided that theinsurgents would not get away to harm more soldiers.[24]
Immediately afterthe first exchange of fire, Moughon contacted the aviation battalion tacticaloperations center to inform them of the battle and request another air weaponsteam.[25] CaptainLoux passed the same information via the 2d Battalion, 8th Cavalry’s tactical net. Captain Robinson’sApaches, operating to the south over Route Redlegs, responded to the call inthree minutes. The two air mission commanders conferred by radio and decidedthat Robinson’s team would remain above two thousand feet to avoid interferencewith Captain Loux’s helicopters.[26] Fromthat vantage point, the reinforcing Apaches could follow the actions ofCrazyhorse 14 and 15 while readying themselves to join in if needed.
面对14.5毫米子弹、12.7毫米子弹和RPG火箭弹漫天而来的疯狂袭击，埃尔德里奇反应迅速，马上将直升机降到了50英尺以下。叛乱分子枪口也紧追不放，其子弹已经击中十字路口的一栋房子。躲过敌人首轮攻击后，“疯马14”机组驾驶直升机摇摆着进行了首轮反击。在转弯后几秒钟后，一枚7.62毫米子弹穿过了埃尔德里奇那侧的座舱罩，几乎是擦着他的脸一闪而过。机组人员在慌乱中错误发射了4枚照明火箭弹，但这至少让叛乱分子暂停了攻击。机组迅速切换并使用了高爆火箭弹和航炮攻击，只见许多叛乱分子像“小强”一样四散躲到了四周的建筑物里。一想到二月份遭伏击牺牲的战友，两个“阿帕奇”机组在整场战斗中都一直密切联系，决不放过一个反叛分子，以免他们去伤害更多的战友。
在首次交火后，莫顿立即联系了陆航营战术行动中心，通报了战斗情况，并请求另一支小队支援。洛克斯上尉通过第8骑兵团2营的战术网传达了同样的信息。罗宾逊上尉的“阿帕奇”小队正在“红色支柱”运输线南侧一带活动，他们在三分钟内做出了回应。
两名空中任务指挥官通过无线电进行了磋商，决定罗宾逊的“阿帕奇”小队将继续保持飞行高度两千英尺，以避免干扰洛克斯上尉的直升机。从这个有利的角度看，增援的“阿帕奇”小队能密切注意“疯马14”和“疯马15”机组的行动，同时做好准备在必要时加入战斗。
As the twocaptains finished their coordination, Crazyhorse 14 turned right and flew backinto the enemy to lay down another barrage of cannon fire. Kittelson andMoughon’s helicopter broke left and came in from a different direction, addingits 30-mm. chain gun to the fray. Crazyhorse 15 damaged one truck during thisattack; but the enemy continued to fight back, and a heavy-caliber roundpierced through the canopy right above Moughon’s head.[27] As thewing aircraft pulled out of its firing run, the lead Apache came back aroundagain. Crazyhorse 14 set its sights on one of the remaining trucks; withinseconds, the Bongo and a nearby building were engulfed by a fireball thatkilled a number of insurgents.[28]
在两名指挥官完成协同后，“疯马14”机组右转向敌飞去，以便再次使用航炮扫射敌人。基特森和莫法恩的直升机向左转，从另一个方向使用30毫米航炮夹击。在这次攻击中，“疯马15”机组摧毁了一辆卡车；但敌人继续反击，一颗大口径子弹穿过了莫顿头顶的座舱罩。在僚机攻击完毕撤离时，长机返回继续攻击。“疯马14”机组盯上了剩下的一辆卡车，那辆皮卡和附近的一幢建筑瞬间就被一个火球吞没了，附近的许多叛乱分子也纷纷丧身火海。
As the fouraviators began gaining the upper hand, they thrashed out the best way to keepthe enemy pinned down while minimizing the risk to their aircraft.Communicating by radio, the team developed a plan to keep constant fire on therebels. As one helicopter finished a firing run, the other would come in forthe attack as the first circled around; each time, the Apaches would approachfrom a different direction. After the first few of these passes, two smallblack cars accelerated away from the intersection heading north. Shouting intohis headset, Kittelson prodded Crazyhorse 14 to “kill them son of a bitches!”[29] Happyto oblige, the lead helicopter chased down the tail sedan and began firing. Thecrew walked the fire of the chain gun onto the target and sent the sedanflipping over the shoulder of Route Redlegs in flames. The lead vehicle managedto evade immediate destruction by stopping along a canal just to the west ofthe road. Captain Loux was not about to let anyone escape, however, and he soondisabled the vacant automobile and killed the driver as he tried to run away.[30]
在开始占上风时，四名飞行员研究出了既能降低机组风险又能压制敌人的最佳方法。通过无线电通讯，该小组制定了一份连续攻击叛军的计划。在一架直升机完成攻击时，另一架直升机会在前者盘旋时继续攻击；直升机每一次攻击都会从不同的方向进近。经过最初的几轮攻击后，两辆黑色小车加速离开十字路口向北逃窜。基特尔森通过头戴式耳机向“疯马14”机组大喊“杀了这群狗娘养的!”“疯马14”长机机组很高兴地追赶并攻击逃逸的那两辆车。强大的航炮火力瞬间击中了尾车，它马上化作一团火焰翻滚着冲出了“红色支柱”补给线路面。头车设法躲过了直接攻击并停在公路西边的一条运河旁。然而，洛克斯上尉可没打算手下留情放跑任何敌人。他很快就击毁了那辆空车，随后轻松干掉了试图逃命的司机。
Meanwhile,Crazyhorse 15 kept up the attack on the insurgents and the trucks, which nowincluded a blue one parked in the shadows of the compound. Chief WarrantOfficer Moughon fired two K2A Hellfire missiles, but weather conditions and therapid maneuvering of the Apache in the close- quarters engagement caused bothto miss. He fared better with the chain gun and rockets, damaging a secondtruck.[31] Thewing helicopter had better luck with its final Hellfire. Moughon launched theN-model and got a solid hit on another Bongo, simultaneously taking out theadjacent building and eliminating several insurgents.[32]
与此同时，“疯马15”机组继续攻击叛乱分子和卡车，包括停在院落隐蔽处的一辆蓝色卡车。高级准尉莫顿发射了2枚K2A“地狱火”导弹。但它们都因为天气条件和“阿帕奇”在近战中的快速机动而错失了目标。他的航炮和火箭弹却表现神勇，又成功击毁了一辆卡车。莫法恩又发射了一枚N型导弹，不仅击中了另一辆皮卡，同时还摧毁了附近的建筑并消灭了几个叛乱分子。
Fresh from theconquest of the fleeing sedans, Crazyhorse 14 returned to the intersection. TheApache took aim at one of the two disabled trucks, but its K2A missilemalfunctioned and overshot the target.[33]Eldridge brought the helicopter around for another attempt, but Loux told hispilot to back off, as they were too close to the enemy. While the warrantofficer executed that maneuver, the air-mission commander asked CaptainRobinson’s team to move north and check out the disabled sedans for possible survivors.[34] TheCrazyhorse 14 finished off the truck with an N-model Hellfire. The missilecaused a large explosion that killed a few insurgents in a nearby building.[35] By thispoint, most of the remaining rebels, out-maneuvered and out-gunned, wereelecting to flee on foot rather than fight. Eldridge took advantage of the lullin enemy firing to move up to a higher and safer altitude while explaining toLoux that they were nearly out of 30-mm. ammunition and should only fire “if wehave to.”[36]
在消灭了逃逸的轿车后，“疯马14”机组立刻返回十字路口。他们瞄准了两辆受损卡车的其中一辆，但是其K2A导弹发生了故障并错失目标。埃尔德里奇调转直升机准备再试一次，但劳克斯命令他后退，因为他们距离敌人太近。在该准尉实施机动时，空中任务指挥官要求鲁宾逊上尉的小队向北机动，检查受损车辆，搜寻可能的漏网之鱼。“疯马14”用一枚N型“地狱火”导弹摧毁了车辆。这枚导弹的大爆炸消灭了附近一座建筑里的几名反叛分子。此时由于机动能力和火力上的劣势，剩下的大多数叛乱分子决定放弃抵抗而作鸟兽散。埃尔德里奇利用敌人的射击间歇转移到了一个更高、更安全的高度。他向劳克斯解释30毫米弹药几乎消耗完了，只能在“必要时”才开火。
Ten minutes aftermaking initial contact with the enemy, Captain Loux and Chief Warrant OfficerEldridge caught their breath amidst the adrenalin rush of battle. The teamleader commended his pilot for his quick reaction at the beginning of thefight: “Oh my god, good eyes Terry.” “I saw them just as they started shootingat me,” replied an equally pumped-up Eldridge.[37] Thefight wasn’t entirely over, though, and the two aviators decided to make onelast run at the enemy. Flying down toward the intersection, Crazyhorse 14destroyed another gun truck with an F-model Hellfire and launched its sixfléchette rockets into the buildings.[38] Withthe two Apaches dangerously low on fuel and with ammunition down to forty30-mm. shells between them,Captain Loux handed off the battle toCaptain Robinson’s team, which finished off a previously damaged Bongo with30-mm. fire.[39]
与敌人初次接触十分钟后，洛克斯上尉和埃尔德里奇准尉在紧张激烈的战斗中松了口气。队长赞扬了队友特里在战斗之初的神速反应:“天哪，多亏了特里的好眼神。”“就在他们开始朝我射击的同时，我就发现了他们，”一向精力充沛的埃尔德里奇自豪地答道。战斗尚未完全结束，两名飞行员决定对敌人发起最后一击。“疯马14”机组飞向十字路口，用F型“地狱火”导弹摧毁了另一辆武装皮卡，并向建筑物发射了6枚箭形弹。两架“阿帕奇”燃料不足，30毫米弹药不足40发。他们用30毫米口径炮弹彻底摧毁了一辆被损坏的皮卡。与此同时，洛克斯上尉与罗宾逊上尉小队进行了战斗交接。
在伏击地点上叛乱分子被毁皮卡残骸。事实证明，与“阿帕奇”“地狱火”导弹和30毫米口径航炮相比较，敌军皮卡与14.5毫米高射炮根本不能望其项背。
Flying from thebattlefield back to Taji, Loux remarked: “Terry, we just saved a bunch ofpeople today.” The veteran chief warrant officer reflected that it hadn’t beeneasy: “Yes we did, but took a lot of fire doing it.” Captain Loux chuckled ashe expressed a theme common to professional soldiers: “That’s our job.”[40]
从战场飞回塔吉的劳克斯说:“特里，我们今天刚刚救了一大群人。”高级准尉表示这确实来之不易:“没错，我们做到了，这可消耗了不少弹药啊。”洛克斯上尉轻笑着说出了每名职业军人都耳熟能详的名言:“这就是我们的使命。”
The Apache crewsknew they had hurt the enemy, but due to the intensity of the short fight, theaviators were uncertain how many insurgents they had faced and how many theyhad taken out. A subsequent battle damage assessment determined that Crazyhorse14 and 15 had destroyed 4 gun trucks and their heavy weapons, 2 sedans, and 4buildings. Between fifteen to twenty-five insurgents had died. fte enemycasualties included a local al-Qaeda military leader killed in one of thefleeing sedans.[41] He had been planning aseries of attacks, so the twelve-minute engagement seriously crimped theterrorist group’s operations in the area.[42]
“阿帕奇”机组人员都知道重创了敌人，但因战斗激烈且时间短暂，他们并不能确定自己遭遇和消灭了多少叛乱分子。随后的战损评估确定“疯马14”和“疯马15”机组摧毁了4辆武装皮卡及其重型武器、2辆轿车和4栋建筑，消灭了15到25名叛乱分子，其中包括一名在逃逸轿车中被击毙的当地基地组织军事头目。他一直在策划一系列袭击，因此这场12分钟的交战沉重打击了恐怖组织在该地区的行动。
从左至右: 高级准尉埃尔德里奇，上尉卢克斯，高级准尉凯特森和莫翁站在一架“阿帕奇”直升机前面。他们突袭并挫败了筹划空中伏击行动的叛乱分子，这能让美国和伊拉克的其他航空器在伊拉克天空中更安全地行动。
While the fightshowcased some of the strengths of the Apache Longbow, it also demonstrated oneof the challenges attack helicopter crews face in Iraq. The AH–64D and itsweapons were designed for a conventional battle against an armored opponentthat would generally involve launching Hellfire missiles at long range (up toeight thousand meters). In an unexpected close-quarters engagement such as thaton 29 September 2007, the short distance from the helicopter to the targets (inthis case less than twelve hundred meters for all six shots) actually reducedthe accuracy of the guided missiles, which had little time to make adjustmentsin flight. Backing off to increase the distance from the enemy might haveimproved the effectiveness of the Hellfires, but it would have given theinsurgents more opportunity to regroup or escape.[43] The highair temperatures also limited the quantity of ordnance on the aircraft, furtherrestricting the options available.
这场战斗在显示了“长弓阿帕奇”的一些优势的同时，也展示了攻击直升机机组在伊拉克所面临的挑战。AH-64D“阿帕奇”直升机及其武器主要用于常规的反装甲作战行动，攻击方法是远距离发射“地狱火”导弹(最远距离达8000米)。在2007年9月29日一次意外的近距离交战中，从直升机到目标的短距离(在这次战斗中，6次发射距离都不到1200米)实际上降低了制导导弹精度，因为导弹在飞行中几乎没有时间进行调整。后退以增加与敌距离可能会提高“地狱火”导弹的战斗效力，但也会给叛乱分子更多的机会重组或逃跑。高温也限制了直升机可携带的弹药数量，这进一步限制了可用的选择。
Despite thosedifficulties, the Apaches and their crews retained important advantages. Inevery battle, experience and communications play a vital role. In thisengagement, the ability of the aircraft to rapidly and easily coordinate theirattacks kept pressure on the enemy and helped ensure the complete destructionof his vehicles and heavy weapons.[44] WhileCaptain Loux and Chief Warrant Officers Kittelson and Moughon were on theirfirst combat deployment, Chief Warrant Officer Eldridge was on his third tour.[45] Allfour aviators had a vast amount of time in the air and, more important, had allworked together on numerous missions during their first six months in Iraq.[46] Basedon this depth of knowledge, skill, and mutualunderstanding, the two pilots-in-command made a crucial decision that allfour crewmen credited with saving their lives. Veteran pilot Eldridge wasconvinced that the instantaneous reaction to drop below the hard deck at thebeginning of the fight not only prevented the insurgents from scoring more hitson the two Apaches but also allowed the American crews to “aggressively engageand destroy the enemy without giving them time to fully react and employ theirweapons systems to their fullest extent.”[47] Insummarizing the battle, Captain Loux placed a slightly different emphasis onthe value of teamwork, declaring that the fight “boil[ed] down to four guys whobonded over shared hardships trying to protect each other and in the processdoing something good.[48]
尽管困难重重，“阿帕奇”直升机及其机组成员仍然保持着重要的优势。在每一场战斗中，经验和交流都起着至关重要的作用。在这次战斗中，机组之间快捷方便地协调对敌攻击，对敌人保持持续压力，并确保彻底摧毁敌人车辆和重型武器。劳克斯上尉和高级准尉基特尔森和莫顿是首次执行作战部署任务，高级准尉埃尔德里奇是第三次执行此类任务。他们都是久经战阵的老飞行员,更重要的是,在伊拉克的前六个月共同执行了很多任务。在知识技能和相互理解上的深刻认识基础上，两名机长做出了一项至关紧要的决定,这拯救了四名机组人员的生命。资深飞行员埃尔德里奇在战斗开始时将飞行高度降到硬甲板高度以下的瞬时反应，不仅阻止了叛乱分子对于两架阿帕奇的更多攻击，还能使他们“主动进攻并摧毁敌人，丝毫不给敌人充足的反应时间并最大程度发挥其武器效能”。在总结这场战斗时，上尉洛克斯对于团队合作的价值给予了略微不同的强调，他宣称这场战斗“归功于四名机组成员团结一致，患难与共，此呼彼应，履职尽责。”
[1] Marc Santora, “2 Killed as U.S. Helicopter Is Shot Down NearBaghdad,” New York Times, 2 February 2007; Matthew Cox, “Apache Pilot Killed inFebruary To Get DSC,” Army Times, 12 Nov 07; copies of both in Historiansfiles, U.S. Army Center of Military History (CMH), Washington, D.C.
1． 马修.考克斯，《美军直升机折翼巴格达，2人遇难》，《纽约时报》，2007年2月2日
《二月份牺牲的阿帕奇飞行员获得了DSC》，《陆军时报》；两份报道都留存在华盛顿特区的美国陆军军事历史中心的历史文件里
[2]Telecon, Jon Mikolashek, CMH, with CWO4William E. Ham, Co B, 1st Bn, 227th Avn, 24 Mar 08, Historians files, CMH.
乔恩 米科拉谢克和四级准尉威廉姆E汉姆报道 第227陆航团1营，2008年3月24日，历史档案，军事历史中心。
[3] Telecon, Mikolashek with CWO4 Steven E. Kilgore, Co B, 1st Bn,227th Avn, 24 Mar 08, Historians files, CMH.
乔恩 米科拉谢克和四级准尉斯蒂文E基尔戈报道 第227陆航团1营，2008年3月24日，历史档案，军事历史中心。
[4] Ibid
同上
[5] During the Vietnam War, the 1st Battalion was designated the 227thAssault Helicopter Battalion.
1营在越战期间被定编为第227突击直升机营。
[6] 1-227th Aviation Reg-History,http://pao.hood.army.mil/1stCavDiv/units/1acb/1-227/ history.htm, copy inHistorians files, CMH.
第227陆航团1营历史，网址http://pao.hood.army.mil/1stCavDiv/units/1acb/1-227/ history.htm 复制于军事历史中心。
[7] Telecon, Mikolashek with Capt ftomas J. Loux,Co B, 1st Bn, 227th Avn, 9 Apr 08, Historians files, CMH.
乔恩 米科拉谢克和劳克斯上尉报道 第227陆航团1营，2008年4月9日，历史档案，军事历史中心
[8] Telecon, Mikolashek with Loux, 21 Apr 08.
米科拉谢克和劳克斯上尉报道 2008年4月21日
[9] Telecon, Mikolashek with Loux, 2 Apr 08.
米科拉谢克和劳克斯报道 2008年4月2日
[10] Ibid.
同上
[11] Sworn Statement, CWO2 Cole Moughon, Co B, 1st Bn, 227th Avn, 30 Sep07; Telecon, Mikolashek with CWO3 Kyle D. Kittelson, Co B, 1st Bn, 227th Avn,24 Mar 08; both in Historians files, CMH.
二级准尉科尔 莫法恩陈述 第227陆航团1营，2007年9月30日；米科拉谢克和三级准尉凯尔D邱福生报道 第227陆航团1营，2008年3月24日，两份文件均保存在军事历史中心的历史档案内
[12] Telecon, Mikolashek with Loux, 31 Mar 08.
米科拉谢克和劳克斯报道 2008年3月31日
[13] Ibid.
同上。
[14] Telecon, Mikolashek with Capt Guyton Robinson, Co A, 1st Bn, 227thAvn, 27 Mar 08, Historians files, CMH.
米科拉谢克和罗宾逊上尉报道第227陆航团1营，2008年3月27日，军事历史中心历史档案
[15] Telecon, Mikolashek with Loux, 31 Mar 08.
米科拉谢克和劳克斯报道 2008年3月31日
[16] Telecons, Mikolashek with Loux, 1 Apr, 12 Jun 08.
米科拉谢克和劳克斯报道 2008年4月1日
[17] Ltr, CWO3 Kyle D. Kittelson, Co B, 1st Bn,227th Avn, to Jon Mikolashek, 31 Mar 08, Historians files, CMH.
三级准尉凯尔D. 基特森报道 第227陆航团1营，2008年3月31日，军事历史中心历史档案
[18] Sworn Statement, Capt ftomas J. Loux, Co B, 1st Bn, 227th Avn, 30Sep 07, Historians files, CMH.
劳克斯上尉陈述 第227陆航团1营，2007年9月30日，军事历史中心，历史档案
[19] Apache Longbow Video, “29 September CZ 15 Engagement, Safire BongoTrucks,” copy in Historians files, CMH.
“长弓阿帕奇”影像，“9月29日，呼号“疯马15”作战记录，燃烧的皮卡”，留存于军事历史中心的历史档案
[20] Sfc Rick Emert, “Quick Reaction Helps Pilots ftwart Attack,” ArmyNews, 10 October 2007, copy in Historians files, CMH.
Sfc Rick Emert “快速的反应帮助飞行员摆脱攻击”《陆军时报》2007年10月10日，留存于军事历史中心的历史档案
[21] Sworn Statement, Loux, 30 Sep 07.
劳克斯陈述，2007年9月30日
[22] Telecon, Mikolashek with Loux, 12 Jun 08.
米科拉谢克和劳克斯报道 2008年3月31日
[23] Emert, “Quick Reaction Helps Pilots ftwart Attack.”
Emert “快速的反应帮助飞行员摆脱攻击”
[24] Sworn Statement, CWO3 Terry Eldridge, Co B, 1st Bn, 227th Avn, 29Sep 07, Historians files, CMH.
三级准尉埃尔德里奇报道第227陆航团1营，2007年9月29日，历史档案，军事历史中心。
[25] Sworn Statement, Moughon, 30 Sep 07.
莫法恩陈述，2007年9月30日。
[26] Telecon, Mikolashek with Robinson, 27 Mar 08.
米科拉谢克和罗宾逊报道 2008年3月27 日
[27] Apache Longbow Video, 29 Sep 07; Sworn Statement, CWO3 Kyle D.Kittelson, Co B, 1st Bn, 227th Avn, 29 Sep 07, Historians files, CMH.
“长弓阿帕奇”影像，2007年9月29日；三级准尉凯尔D基特森报道 第227陆航团1营，2007年9月29日，历史档案，军事历史中心。
[28] Ibid.
同上。
[29] Ltr, Kittelson to Mikolashek, 31 Mar 08.
基特森对米科拉谢克，2008年3月31日
[30] Sworn Statement, Loux, 30 Sep 07.
劳克斯陈述，2007年9月30日
[31] Sworn Statement, Kittelson, 29 Sep 07.
基特森陈述，2007年9月30日
[32] Sworn Statement, Moughon, 30 Sep 07.
莫法恩陈述，2007年9月30日
[33] Apache Longbow Video, 29 Sep 07.
“长弓阿帕奇”影像，2007年9月29日
[34] Ibid.
同上
[35] Ibid.
同上
[36] Apache Longbow Video, 29 Sep 07.
“阿帕奇”影像，2007年9月29日
[37] Ibid
同上。
[38] Ibid
同上。
[39] Telecon, Mikolashek with Robinson, 27 Mar 08.
米科拉谢克和罗宾逊报道,2008年3月27 日.
[40] Apache Longbow Video, 29 Sep 07.
“长弓阿帕奇”影像，2007年9月29日
[41] Sworn Statement, Kittelson, 29 Sep 07.
基特森，2007年9月29日
[42] Video Storyboard, 29 Sep 07 Safire Engagement, Zone 93, Historiansfiles, CMH; Ltr, Kittelson to Mikolashek, 31 Mar 08.
由萨菲尔陈述的视频集，存放于军事历史中心历史文件的93区；Ltr，基特森对米科拉谢克，2008年3月31日。
[43] After Action Review (AAR), Capt Christopher T. Morton, 3 Oct 07,sub: 29 September Engagement, Historians files, CMH.
《事后行动报告》克里斯托夫T莫顿上尉，2007年10月3日；9月29日记录，历史档案，军事历史中心。
[44] Sworn Statement, Eldridge, 29 Sep 07.
埃尔德里奇陈述，2007年9月29日。
[45] Telecon, Mikolashek with Loux, 26 Mar 08.
米科拉谢克和劳克斯报道,2008年3月26 日。
[46] Telecon, Mikolashek with Loux, 31 Mar 08.
米科拉谢克和劳克斯报道,2008年3月27 日。
[47] Sworn Statement, Eldridge, 29 Sep 07.
埃尔德里奇陈述，2007年9月29日。
[48] Telecon, Mikolashek with Loux, 31 Mar 08.
米科拉谢克和劳克斯报道,2008年3月27 日。
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